An
ecosystem is a biological environment consisting of all the organisms living in a particular area, as well as all the nonliving, physical components of the environment with which the organisms interact, such as air, soil, water, and sunlight.
It is all the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) factors with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment.
The entire array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem is called a
community.
In a typical ecosystem,
plants and other
photosynthetic organisms are the producers that provide the food.
Ecosystems can be permanent or temporary. Ecosystems usually form a number of
food webs.
Ecosystems are functional units consisting of living things in a given area, non-living chemical and physical factors of their environment, linked together through nutrient cycle and energy flow.
- Natural
- Terrestrial ecosystem
- Aquatic ecosystem
- Lentic, the ecosystem of a lake, pond or swamp.
- Lotic, the ecosystem of a river, stream or spring.
- Artificial, environments created by humans.
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